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Metformin is recommended as initial monotherapy for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus because it decreases the higher blood glucose by suppressing hepatic production of glucose, apart from suppression of hepatic glucose production, it also increases sensitivity of insulin, it also enhances the peripheral uptake of glucose (by inducing GLUT4 enhancer factor phosphorylation), and it also decreases the insulin-induced suppression of fatty acid oxidation. The aim of this study, metformin and combination of metformin and sitagliptin in type ii diabetic mellitus patients. Methods: Two groups were included in this study. Each group has 50 cases & each case was having diabetic mellitus. This study conducted in the Career Institute of Medical Sciences in the Department of Pharmacology. The duration of study was over a period of six month. Results: In our study we were included two groups. Each group has 50 cases, means total 100 cases were included. In group I we were observed 26 male & 24 female out of 50 cases. In group I we found that 13 had vomiting followed by diarrhea, metallic taste, abdominal pain. While in group II we found that 3 had vomiting followed by diarrhea, metallic taste, abdominal pain. Conclusion: The foregone discussion revealed that in patients who are on monotherapy with metformin alone having inadequate glycaemic control. The addition of one daily dose of Sitagliptin 100 mg is the most effective way of maintaining glycaemic control.
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Introduction: In addition to smoking, smokeless tobacco hasalso evidently shown its effect on various oral tissues.Smokeless tobacco products have been in existence forthousands of years among populations in South America andSoutheast Asia in varied forms.Methodology: This cross-sectional study investigated theeffect of commonly used smokeless tobacco on periodontalhealth in local population of nearby villages of Air Force StationBakshi Ka Talab, U.P., India, for which 2045 individuals[males=1455 (71%), females=590 (28.9%)] were evaluated.Results: Maximum incidence of smokeless tobaccoconsumption was observed in the age group 21–30 years(39.4%), whereas minimum consumption was observed in theage group 10–20 years (7.5%). The peak smokeless tobaccoconsumption was observed between the ages 21 and 40 years.Recording of oral hygiene measures included in this studyshowed majority of subjects (n=1961) used tooth brushing asthe oral hygiene measure, while some used datoon (n=30;1.5%) for cleaning their teeth and others used their finger(n=54; 2.6%) with or without tooth powder.Conclusion: This study conclude that, PPD were significantlyhigher statistically amongst longer duration (>5 years)smokeless tobacco users as compared to non-tobacco users.
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Introduction: Refractive error has now become the secondmost common cause of blindness across the world. Thereis necessity to explore the various factors having impact onrefractive errors as they will certainly assist in the variousmodes of treatment aspect of the refractive errors. This studywas carried out with the aim of comparing refractive errorwith axial length in the subjects with refractive error.Material and methods: In this study, total of 500 adult caseswere recruited. So total of 1000 eyes were examined upon.This study was carried out, over a total period of 2 years.General examination was carried out in each and every case.Afterwards, local examination was done. Then refractive errorand axial length was measured. The data obtained from thisstudy was analysed statistically.Results: The results of our present study have showed thatthe spherical refractive error has statistically highly significantnegative correlation with axial length, in right eye (r=-0.836,p<0.01) and in left eye (r=-0.859, p<0.01).Conclusion: The observation made from this study says thaton progressing from myopic to hyperopic refractive error, theaxial length of the eye is found to decrease. In the refractiveerror of shortsightedness or myopia, the final image is formedahead of retina
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Background: Acne vulgaris is a pilosebaceous gland disease usually affecting people from puberty to young adulthood due to hormonal changes, but the exact relationship of various hormone to acne is not known. Aims:- The present study has been planned to find out the association of hormonal status with the different grades of acne vulgaris female patients.. Methods: Fifty patients each of Mild (group I), Moderate (group II) and Severe Acne Vulgaris (group III) in age group 15-40 years were included as cases. The fasting blood samples were collected on the second day of menstrual cycle of the patient and before the start of treatment. Written and informed consent was taken from all subjects in the cases and control groups after explaining about the details of the study. Results: Levels of Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Estrogen, Testosterone, Insulin, Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Prolactin in different grade of acne vulgaris patients were compared with control groups. Statistical analysis was done using Kruskal Wallis test and ANOVA. Conclusion: Level of LH, Estradiol,Testosterone andInsulin may be studied in cases resistant to conventional treatment of acne in women while the levels of FSH and prolactin, need not to be studied.
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Background: The uric acid in serum (SUA) is significantly related with cardiovascular disease, it is proved by clinically. The increased level of uric acid in the serum lead to highly platelet reactivity mediating inflammation and stimulate of smooth muscle cell production which probably degrades acute thrombosis. Methods: The blood samples were collected and sent to biochemistry laboratory for estimation of uric acid. This study conducted in the Departments of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Medical College Lucknow. Results: In this study 200 patients included with acute myocardial infarction. Among the 200 patients, 148 (74%) were male and 52 (26%) were female. Among the 25-70 Age group , most of people from 56-70 age group. Mean of uric acid level in male cases was 5.6 and female cases was 5.2 , male controls was 4.2 and female controls was 3.6. Conclusion: The uric acid level in the serum are high in patients which had acute myocardial infarction as compare to other persons. It is also higher with the killips classes. The Killips classification and uric acid level in the serum is a good analyst of mortality after acute myocardial infarction, if is combined.
ABSTRACT
Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Currently 2.5-3 million people worldwide are blind due to AMD. Objective:- This study were to use of anti-angiogenic drug in the treatment for age related macular degeneration. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among patients attending Eye OPD of a tertiary care eye center. Results: 25 patients were included in this study . Among the 25 patients 15 were male & 10 were female. Mean visual acuity (VA) in this study improved from 5/60 to 6/36 during follow up. This was statistically significant (P <0.0001). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that IVB (1.25 mg) is well tolerated and associated with stabilization or improvement in visual acuity, decreased central macular thickness (CMT) by ocular coherence tomography (OCT), and reduction in angiographic leakage associated with neovascular AMD.